What is Nerve Compression and How is it Treated?

Nerve compression is the condition where nerves in the body are compressed or put under pressure due to various reasons. This condition often occurs due to structural issues in the spine, joints, or muscles, swelling, or inflammation. Nerve compression can manifest with symptoms such as severe pain, numbness, tingling, and muscle weakness. The treatment aims to identify the underlying cause and relieve the pressure on the nerve. Methods used for treating nerve compression include physical therapy, medications, exercises, and in some cases, surgical intervention.

Nerve Compression and the Communication System

The signals that allow us to move are transmitted from the brain and spinal cord to the relevant muscles through nerves. Nerves can be likened to fine electrical wires and are responsible for transmitting both movement and sensory signals. Under normal circumstances, the coordination between sensation and movement ensures that the movements of the arms, legs, hands, and feet are carried out flawlessly. However, in some cases, nerves may become compressed as they pass through narrow channels in the body. This compression can cause discomfort in the nerves.

Common Types of Nerve Compression:

1. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome:
   This is the most common type of nerve compression. It occurs due to compression of the median nerve at the wrist, affecting the first four fingers of the hand. It is commonly seen in people who use their hands frequently, housewives, and those who spend long hours in front of computers. The most important symptom is hand numbness that wakes the person up at night. Pain may also occur, but numbness is more pronounced. Patients often experience relief by shaking their hands.

2. Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome:
   A similar compression issue occurs in the ankle and foot. It can develop in individuals who wear pointed-toed, high-heeled shoes or those who work in heavy-duty jobs. Numbness and pain may appear in the ankle and toes.

Diagnosis and Treatment Methods for Nerve Compression:

To diagnose nerve compression issues, a physical examination is performed first. Then, sensitive tests such as EMG (electromyography) are used to measure nerve conduction. In early stages and in patients who have not developed muscle weakness, medical treatment and physical therapy methods can be applied.

1. Physical Therapy Methods:

   • Methods such as water therapy, ultrasound, paraffin, laser, and magnetic field therapy are used to provide relief in the compressed area.
   • Exercises are performed to strengthen muscles and increase their elasticity.

2. Surgery and Post-Treatment:

   • In advanced cases, surgical intervention may be required on the hand or ankle. This procedure relieves the pressure on the nerve.
   • Post-surgery, a 15-20 session physical therapy and rehabilitation program is applied to relieve joint stiffness and strengthen the muscles.

3. Occupational Adjustments:

   • To prevent nerve compression from recurring, occupational factors are adjusted. Training and exercises related to hand and foot usage are conducted.

Hernia and Associated Conditions:

A hernia is a common health problem seen in the spine and lower back regions. It occurs when the contents of a spinal disc are forced out due to strain. Hernia also manifests with severe pain, numbness, and muscle weakness. It is important to consult your doctor for hernia treatment. For detailed information, you can refer to our content titled "What You Should Know About Hernia".